Teen Depression Is It Really Doing What It Should

Depression is a prodigious issue in today’s society and is especially prevalent in teens. According to teen depression statistics, around 20% of teens have or are currently experiencing depression symptoms. And that doesn’t include self- harm or suicide/attempted suicide. Because depression is becoming such a major issue, antidepressant prescription has skyrocketed; but is it really doing what it should? If antidepressant use is increasing, why are the numbers of depressed teens growing or remaining the same? I believe that though antidepressants can be helpful in some cases, they tend to cause more side effects and problems in the long run. Alternative options have been proven to work just as well without the incredibly surprising and potentially serious side effects of antidepressant drugs. When antidepressants were first introduced, they were seen as a miracle drug for those struggling with depression; an amazing and innovative â€Å"happy pill† for those who were clinically depressed. In their beginnings as new drugs, they were not prescribed unless necessary. These days, however, antidepressants are prescribed at even the possibility of even depression symptoms. I have a friend, Tiffany, (not her real name) who told me about a time she went to the doctor and was prescribed antidepressants simply because she sometimes felt sad. Doesn’t this seem like overkill? Everyone feels sad sometimes; and though that can occasionally be a precursor to depression, it seemsShow MoreRelatedTeen Depression : The Problem Of Teenage Depression, And Teen Suicide721 Words   |  3 PagesTeen depression is a definite topic most people are unaware of and depression is a worldwide issue and is the leading disability. Depression can lead to many things, from anxiety to thoughts of suicide. Things like social media is a big cause of depression. Everyone has those days where they are feeling sad or maybe even just having a bad day. Sometimes, i t goes even more downhill. When it turns into something major, it becomes a real problem. Some people ignore the issue, brushing it off as a â€Å"phaseRead MoreThe Good, The Bad, And The Ugly : Sides Of Social Media Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pageseverything celebrities are doing from social media and their perfect snap chat stories. Along with every good thing in the world, technology has it’s downsides. One downside is the negative effects social media gives off. Cyber bullying is more prominent in today s world since smartphones have advanced and 73% of teens have access to them on a daily basis. At least 52% of young people are victims of cyber bullying; all of this negativity on social media leads teens to depression, loss of academic successRead MoreDon t Let It Eat You On The Inside1531 Words   |  7 Pagesyou keep it all to yourself (PictureQuotes).† Many parents forget how difficult a teenagers life can be and if there is something hurting the teen on the i nside that teen is going to think twice before saying anything to their parents because they feel like there parents just wouldn’t understand them. Many teens feel like keeping their emotions and depression on the inside will help but in reality they need that support of a parent to guide them and be able to have someone that unconditionally understandsRead MorePersuasive Essay : Should School Start Later?1342 Words   |  6 PagesSchooling is the basis for one to find a job in which they can excel later in life. Without school, many are left scrambling to find a high enough paying job in order to make ends meet. The amount of schooling a person has acquired sets the bar for what kind of life they are eager to make for himself or herself. The people who want to succeed highly in life spend over a decade of their life going to school in order to earn diplomas and degrees. The degrees that one gains helps to set up their entireRead MoreCauses of Teenage Depression1538 Words   |  7 Pagesbooklet or website or whatever they list depression among the side effects of cancer. But, in fact, depression is not a side effect of cancer. Depression is a side effect of death (â€Å"The Only Thing Worse†).† Occasional bad moods or acting out is to be expected, but depression is something different. Depression can destroy the very essence of a teenager’s personality, causing an overwhelming sense of sadness, despair, or anger (â€Å"A Guide for Parents†). The depression rate in the teen’s generation is risingRead MoreDepression And Bipolar Support Alliance993 Words   |  4 Pages Depression is a leading cause of death among adolescents- So why aren’t we doing more about it? â€Å"Experts estimate that 5% of all adolescents will suffer from depression. Unfortunately, only 20% of depressed adolescents are appropriately diagnosed and treated† (DBSA). A depressive disorder is a disease that affects mood, thoughts and behavior. It is also the reaction of the human to the unfavorable surroundings or environment. DBSA otherwise known as Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance statesRead MoreTeen Depression : Can We Save Our Teens? Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesFernando Velarde English 1020 Ms. Campbell 28 November 2016 Research Paper: Teen Depression how can we save our teens Depression, the dark illness of the mind that grabs you by the throat controlling what you need to do and to say. In this dark state of mind no joy goes through a person, no matter how hard they try it will not penetrate the soul. Suffocating in thoughts of sadness, hopelessness, and anger presses your mind including torturing your soul on a daily bases. I know I haveRead MoreTeen Depression : Causes And Effects Of Teenage Depression1074 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage Depression Hopeless, lonely, insecure, empty, suicidal; these are all words that people hope never come out of a teenager’s mouth, but sadly they do often. Many teenagers struggle with depression on a daily basis. The severity of depression ranges anywhere from crying every night to attempting suicide. About 3.5 million teenagers suffer from depression and about 3 million of them think about committing suicide each year (Martin 6). There is a huge increase of teen depression, especially inRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Teen Depression1117 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage depression Teen depression ultimately impacts this society generation . Recognizing the signs and diagnostics that could prevent teenagers with this mental illness. , Be aware there are several different types of depression . Teens from one or more types. Teenage depression is becoming a problem in today’s society. However, Depression, it’s a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and lost of interest also called clinical depression, it’s affectsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Teen Depression1437 Words   |  6 PagesTeen depression ultimately impacts this society generation . Recognizing the signs and diagnostics that could prevent teenagers with this mental illness. , Be aware there are several different types of depression . Teens from one or more types. Teenage depression, it’s becoming a problem in today’s society. However, Depression, it’s a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and lost of interest also called clinical depression, it’s affects how you feel , think , and

Women s Rights Of Women - 1546 Words

Nepal In 2008, post the major changes in law in Nepal, which mandated that at least 33% of electoral Candidates overall were to be women, the country became the first in Asia to pass the 30% mark for women parliamentarians. Women won 197 (32.8%) of 601 seats. But it had taken a great deal of work, activism, training and lobbying.UNIFEM, in partnership with the National Commission for Women and local NGOs, boosted efforts that contributed to this historic representation of women. With support from the German government, Nepal‟s Making Politics Work with Women program supported capacity building of female and male members of the Constituent Assembly, and continuous advocacy with various subcommittees for the inclusion of gender and women‟s rights concerns within the draft Constitution. Partnerships with the UN Democracy Fund program focused on capacity-building of women candidates for office, and elected leaders, and for the training of media on gender issues, and civic education to promote women‟s participation in constitutional reform. The strategy advocated for quotas for women at all levels of government. A consensus was built with women‟s groups, political parties, civil society, and government ministries on a new draft Constitution incorporating gender equality considerations. The program publicized women‟s contribution to political and peace processes through advocacy tools, including a documentary on Women’s Role on Peace and Politics and radio jingles. Informational,Show MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nu rturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to soci al situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Brave New World Diction Essay Free Essays

Chapter 3, pages 34-35 Brave New World Diction â€Å"Main Day-shift off duty†¦.. ’I shall make a point of going,’ said Henry Foster. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World Diction Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † In chapter 3 of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, many things are revealed about hot the society in this novel functions. It shows more about the work that the people do and how the society functions. Huxley uses repetition and descriptive diction to provide a deeper look into the society that is shown in this passage. In one paragraph, one specific word helps to clarify the meaning of the repetition of the word â€Å"whisk†. While talking about history, the Controller states that â€Å"History is bunk† to the students. In context, bunk is taken to mean nonsense, or unimportant. It serves the authors purpose by revealing more about the society in this passage. History is irrelevant to the alphas. The word â€Å"bunk† further helps to explain the diction in the next paragraph of this passage. The word â€Å"whisk† is repeated twelve times in one paragraph. It is used to describe how easily history is wiped away and forgotten. It even shows that music and feelings such as passion are gone. The repetition of the word â€Å"whisk† is fundamental in illustrating how insignificant the past is to this society. The authors use of descriptive diction gives further insight about this society. The author uses words and phrases such as â€Å"tactual†, â€Å"Embryo Store†, and â€Å"Psychology Bureau† among many others. This is significant because it illustrates how technologically advanced the society in this passage is. This passage reveals that society has completely disregarded history and advanced in the scientific field. The author uses the word â€Å"forbidden† to describe poetry books and religious books such as the Bible. This further develops the society as a society where feelings evoked by poetry and religious faith are frowned upon. As this passage demonstrates, history and literature have been removed from this society. History and literature are subjects that connect people, and tie them together, but without them, this passage shows that this society is very advanced in the field of science. This society is clearly appalled by life led by their ancestors. They have effectively gotten rid of history, and any feeling that helps them make lasting connections to other people. Through the use of descriptive diction, the authors purpose of providing insight into this society is fully accomplished. The diction in this passage illustrates how dynamic the society in this novel is. This society revolves around science, and wants nothing to do with the past. This passage provides very important insight into how this society functions, and the structure of the society. The author successfully achieves his purpose through the use of repetition and expressive diction. How to cite Brave New World Diction Essay, Essay examples

Psychophysiological Insomnia Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.

Question: Discuss about the Psychophysiological Insomnia. Answer: Background Psychophysiological Insomnia is nowadays a common problem where the patient tries to focus on sleep but worries about not getting adequate sleep, which might affect their next day. Earlier it was assumed that maladaptive learning and irregular sleep hygiene are the primary causes of psychophysiological Insomnia. According to a publication by the Association of sleep disorders centres in 1979, this type of insomnia is due to various factors acting simultaneously such as chronic factor, negative sleeping condition and somatized tension anxiety. According to the cluster analysis of Laar and Pevernagie et al. (2015), psychophysiological insomnia can be identified on the basis of polysomnographic variables, sleep history and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. In an Australian study, Psychophysiological Insomnia can be caused with a minimum of 17 hours of sleep deprivation and thus is a significant issue within the scope of community health management. Clinical/ Behavioural Features The patients with suspected psychophysiological insomnia mostly report that they get better sleep outside than at home. They often complain of being light sleepers and can hear everything going on around them during sleep time. Most of the patients find it difficult to fall asleep through the night and waking up early in the morning (van de Laar, Pevernagie, van Mierlo Overeem, 2015). Increased agitation and anxiety during sleeping time with constant worry about sleep is their common distention. People facing this problem tend to be tired airing the whole day and take the help of coffee or other drinks to remain active through the day. They are often unable to take naps in their own beds and are to sleep in others bed or hotel (Richardson, Gradisar Barbero, 2016). Importantly, there exists no explanation of above-mentioned clinical features in terms of the medical, psychological, or neurological concept that can justify the conditions. On the other hand, this is also caused by substance abuse during intoxication, sustained use, and withdrawal (Harada, 2015). Diagnostic Features The diagnostic criteria used by doctors for detecting primary insomnia is the set framed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, containing five defined criteria (Richardson, Gradisar Barbero, 2016). Firstly, suffering from non-restorative sleep for minimum 1 month, secondly, due to irregularity in sleeping, social, occupational and other functioning areas gets disturbed. The third criterion defines the occurrence due to breathing related sleep disorder or parasomnia, fourthly, sleeping disturbance occurs due to other mental disorder like depression, and anxiety. Lastly, it is not under the influence of any substance or medication (Perciaccante Coralli, 2016). The standard tests included in psychophysiological Insomnia treatment includes (1) thyroid function tests and (2) Blood alcohol levels. In addition to this, test related to neuroimaging studies that can reflect presence of structural lesion to cause insomnia; sleep diary questionnaire to describe sleep cycl e among the patient, actigraphy activity monitoring during sleep and waking periods, and multiple sleep latency test to determining duration of sleep, activity period, and efficiency of sleep are also essential diagnostic tools to identify the insomnia features in the patients (Sweetman, 2016). Epidemiology In an Australian survey, it has been reported that women are mostly affected by this problem than men, and it is quite uncommon in children (infant to the early teenage stage). The adults mostly and even some teenagers are the typical patients of psychophysiological insomnia in which anxiety, substance use, and physiological disability or discomfort are essential factors (Kingsbury, Buxton and Emmons, 2014). The prevalence of insomnia in Australia is reflective to affect 13-33% of adult population among which more than 50% of patients are comorbid with depression. Likewise, compared to Whites, Blanks are nearly twice likely to report insomnia conditions. Likewise, related to non-Hispanic Whites, the Hispanic White population are also likely to report insomnia. On the other hand, the sleep disorder is also found to be higher in low-income and minority groups which are attributed to the social factors. Among the global statistics, the African American and Hispanic groups are found to h ave the highest report for psychophysiological insomnia (Kingsbury, Buxton and Emmons, 2014). Pathophysiology Psychophysiological Insomnia may be caused due to bad sleeping behaviour like drinking alcohol, taking sleeping pills, and staying in bed despite being wide awake may sometimes lead to undermining sleep. Sometimes these bad behaviour also continue during the daytime, as due to lack of sleep daytime seems tired (Shekleton, 2014). Some people take the help of caffeine all over the day but are aware of the fact that it will remain in their system for hours and lead to psychophysiological insomnia. In other cases, the neurological imaging is also revealed the presence of structural lesion that can attribute to the pathophysiology. Other than this, substance abuse, disturbed environmental condition like noise, pollution, and light may retain the alertness in an individual that causes insomnia (Shekleton, 2014). Treatment Treatment of Psychophysiological Insomnia includes the combination of all the mentioned procedures. (1) A psychotherapist or sleep specialist helps in assisting the Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT), which aims to transmit the thoughts that weaken sleeping ability. Some4 of the forms of CBT include relaxation training, stimulus control, sleep restriction and biofeedback. (2) Good Sleeping hygiene involves the avoidance of caffeine after noon time and consuming alcohol before four hours of bedtime. (3) Certain sleeping medication as per doctors prescription such as Hypnotics is used to cure depression and also enhance sleeping ability (Richardson, Gradisar Barbero, 2016). In addition to this, sleep restriction therapy and relaxation therapy are also effective in which the time spent by the patient on sleep will be limited as a result of which the sleep onset on subsequent nights can be resumed. Likewise, in relaxation theory, measures like progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, and imagery training and thought to stop are effective (Kodsi Kennedy, 2015). Implication Psychophysiological Insomnia has particular health consequences like mood disorders, major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, substance abuse disorder, and medical disorder. There is a relationship between sleep and immunity as lack of sleep results in a change of the innate immunity and also reduces natural killer cell activity (van de Laar, Pevernagie, van Mierlo Overeem, 2015). Even the sleep disorder leads to decrease in ability to handle irritations and thus reduces enjoyment with family, friends and social life. The major implication of psychophysiological insomnia is that it affects the daytime arousal and performance of the individual. This included lack of focus, poor attentiveness, impaired decision making, and lack of energy in all the physical activity. Even it leads to a reduction of job satisfaction and production and results in poorer performance score and increased absenteeism (Perciaccante Coralli, 2016). Overall, the condition is found to be deteriorating of t he individual in terms of its involvement within the family, at the workplace, as well as in terms of deteriorating mental health conditions. References: Harada, D., Yamadera, W., Sato, M., Iwashita, M., Aoki, R., Obuchi, K., ... Nakayama, K. (2015). Effects of two?session group cognitive behavioral therapy for psychophysiological insomnia: A preliminary study.Sleep and Biological Rhythms,13(4), 348-356. Kingsbury, J. H., Buxton, O. M., Emmons, K. M., Redline, S. (2013). Sleep and its relationship to racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease.Current cardiovascular risk reports,7(5), 387-394. Kodsi, A., Kennedy, G. A. (2015). An investigation of sleep and mood factors as predictors of insomnia and the effects of insomnia severity on cognitive performance.The Time of Your Life. Australasian Chronobiology Society, Melbourne, Australia, 5-11. Laar, M., Pevernagie, D., Mierlo, P. V., Overeem, S. (2015). Psychiatric comorbidity and aspects of cognitive coping negatively predict outcome in cognitive behavioral treatment of psychophysiological insomnia. [Assessed from https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/153762 Dated 06 Mar 2017]. Perciaccante, A., Coralli, A. (2016). Franz Kafka's insomnia and parasomnias.The Lancet Neurology,15(10), 1014. Richardson, C. E., Gradisar, M., Barbero, S. C. (2016). Are cognitive insomnia processes involved in the development and maintenance of delayed sleep wake phase disorder?.Sleep medicine reviews,26, 1-8. Shekleton, J. A., Flynn-Evans, E. E., Miller, B., Epstein, L. J., Kirsch, D., Brogna, L. A., ... Lockley, S. W. (2014). Neurobehavioral performance impairment in insomnia: relationships with self-reported sleep and daytime functioning.Sleep,37(1), 107. Sweetman, A., Lack, L., Catcheside, P., Antic, N., Chai-Coetzer, C. L., Smith, S., ... McEvoy, R. D. (2016). 4. Centre for Accident Research Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 4000 5. Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia, 4032. van de Laar, M., Pevernagie, D., van Mierlo, P., Overeem, S. (2015). Psychiatric comorbidity and aspects of cognitive coping negatively predict outcome in cognitive behavioral treatment of psychophysiological insomnia.Behavioral sleep medicine,13(2), 140-156.

Hospice and Pain Management

In certain stages of life or in the case a person has terminal illness death is inevitable and for that reason, the only thing that helpsis to control the pain in these patients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospice and Pain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As stated by Saunders (2007) most patients at the dying stage will experience symptoms such as pain, vomiting, nausea, respiratory secretions, fatigue, and dyspepsia. All these symptoms are painful and therefore the main goal of hospice careis to control or reduce the pain experienced by patients.As stated by Connor (1998), â€Å"the patient and the family are a critical part of the hospice team.† Pain control in patients is of interest to both the patient, their families and the government has a role to play in ensuring that it issues guidelines that regulate hospice care. The law that regulates hospice care also requires that pain contro l should be the main goal in hospice care. In hospice care, the use of medication is the main method that controls pain even though there are other known methods of pain control. The main work of a hospice nurse is to deal with patients who have severe pain.As stated by Jackson and Abraham (2005),Nurses should give pain control medication in appropriate time and we should not always respond due to distress in patients. The use of medication has become the main method of pain control among patients. The use of narcotics has widely been applied in reducing pain among patients. Even though the use of narcotics is an effective method of pain control, respiratory depression is a major side effect resulting from it. Respiratory depression is a condition whereby the breathing of a patient becomes slow and weaker and in severe cases, the breathing may stop. The termination of breathing resulting from the use of narcotics in most cases is temporary but in some cases, it might be permanent re sulting in the death of the patient. This is just one of the examples of the side effects caused by the use of medication in pain control. Hospice service other medicationsand most of them if not allhave side effects. The question of the type of medication or the dosage for a patient therefore remains a major concern to us when we are providing hospice care services. In hospice care the death of the patient although in some cases being inevitable should be prevented and incase it occurs it should not result from a mistake committed by a hospice service provider. Pain management in this stage of life is a right to the patient and a duty to the caregiver. Even though this is the obligation of hospice care, most families have stated that at the end of their lives most of their loved ones suffered from pain due to lack of treatment (Jackson Abraham, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to be effective in my duties as a hospice service provider then applying the standard protocols in prescribing medication is essential. These protocols outline the methods for changing, increasing the dosage, or adjusting the medication used in patients. The first medications that I will begin pain treatment with are the types referred to as over the counter medicine forexample,Tylenol and Aspirin.When the illness continues to develop the result will be an increase in pain to levels where over the counter medications are not effective. In such cases as a nurse, I will prescribe other medications that are much stronger such as narcotic based medication. References Connor, S. (1998) Hospice: Practice, pitfalls, and promise. New York: Taylor Francis Publishers. Jackson, V., Abraham, J. (2005). Ethical considerations in effective pain management at the end of life. Retrieved from UpToDate website: https://www.uptodate.com/ Saunders, C. (2007). End of life: Anurseâ€⠄¢s guide to compassionate care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. This essay on Hospice and Pain Management was written and submitted by user Colt Le to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financial Planning

Financial Planning Financial resources are those resources that have monetary valueFinancial management is the planning and monitoring of an organizations financial resources to enable the organization to achieve its financial goalsAssets are the property and other items of the business both tangible and intangible.Objectives of financial management:Liquidity - ability to pay short-term debts.Profitability - maximizing profitsEfficiency - ability to maximize profits with minimal resourcesGrowth - increase size in the longer termReturn on Owners Equity - percentage of profit compared with total invested.The Planning CycleAddress current financial positionDetermine financial elements of business planDevelop budgetsMonitor cash flowInterpret financial reportsMaintain record systemPlanning financial controlsMinimizing financial risk and lossesMajor participants in financial marketsBanksFinance/insurance companiesMerchant banksRBASuper fundsMutual fundsPublic/private companiesASXSources of fundsInternal sou rces- Owners equity- Retained profitsAdvantages- Low gearing- Less riskDisadvantagesLower profits and return on OEExternal sourceso Short-term Overdraft Bridging finance Bank billso Long-term Bonds Mortgage Term loans Leasing Factoring Trade credit Venture capitalAdvantagesIncreased fundsTax deduction on interest repaymentsDisadvantagesIncreased riskSecurity requiredRegular repaymentsLenders have first claim on money if they go bankruptLeverage measures the relationship between debt and equityThe accounting frameworkRaw DataProcessed DataAccounting DataAnalysis of reportFinancial Statements Revenue statement - shows revenue earned and expenses incurred over the accounting period.English: Berechnung des Net Working Capital Balance Sheet - shows the businesses assets and liabilities at a point in time.Financial RatiosLiquidityCurrent Ratio = Current assets(working k) Current liabilities2:1 safe positionSolvencyDebt to equity = Total liabilitiesOwner's EquityProfitabilityGross Profit = gross profit...

P.O.S essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

P.O.S 2 - Essay Example Benefits of the POS System The POS system being online will ensure that all across the Wal-Mat store there will be real and up dated POS solutions. In addition, since the POS system is custom made it will be custom made and thus compatible with most of the programs and hardware, which are to be installed. Furthermore, it will ensure that there is less inventory shrinkage. This is because through POS system it will be easier to keep track of obsolete and damaged inventories. Because of the effectiveness with which customers are served, it will ensure and lead to more customer service efficiency, customer satisfaction and customer retention and loyalty. It will facilitate timely and accurate reports as well as fast and effective analysis of sales date which is paramount to management information for decision-making process. In addition, the online POS software package will offer the advantage of management through remote access i.e. while in different store and while on leave. Moreover , having installed POS system Wal-Mat can easily expand in case of increased customers. This is because it only needs to mount new computers and other relevant hardware to create a new service station. The other minor benefits that Wal-Mat will get by setting up the POS will be prevention of theft, accuracy, and effective inventory management. ... Furthermore, with the retail POS system Wal-Mat will experience potential security risks with regard to software corruption by viruses, credit cards, and debit cards. Moreover, considering that the POS system is custom made, with the software applications used there will be need for regular updates to the system that may be done at an extra cost. POS Contingency Measures Since running of the POS system will be dependent on the electricity for smooth running, implies that in case of power outages the business will stop. These business standstill means loss of revenue, dissatisfaction of customers and under utilization of resources. Wal-Mat to combat electricity failures has bought and installed a diesel driven generator with the capacity to run the POS system for more than 12 hours. In addition, UPS s- uninterruptible power supply - have been fitted on every computer. This is to ensure smooth transition and business continuation while switching to the generator. Wal-mat has also set u p another back-up server computer in another independent location that store up real-time transactions happening in the main business stalls. This is meant to militate against any outages of the POS system in case of fire breakout in the main business area. In addition, after every 1 hr of the normal business hours, it is a requirement that there be a print out of sales receipts for every one hour. This is to ensure that in case of failure of the two back-up servers there can be hardcopy back up to mitigate it. Weakness and Recommendations to POS System Due to the continued high customer satisfaction, there has been an influx of new clients to our business, which has resulted to slower than normal

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management Essay

Answer the 5 questions of investment portfolio management - Essay Example Present value of Dividends employs the cost of equity as the discount figure. Operating free cash flow is the cash residue after eliminating direct costs, working capital and capital expenditure needed for future growth, but before any payments to suppliers of capital. The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the discount rate employed in determining operating free cash flow. Free cash flow to equity refers to operating free cash flow less payment to debt holders (Strong, 2008). The firm’s cost of equity is used as the discount rate. Present value of Cash flow allows a degree of flexibility for changes in sales and expenses, which implies varying rates of growth over time. However, present value of cashflow valuation approach has a weakness in that it is heavily dependent on growth rates of cash flows and the discount rate estimates. Relative valuation approach to security valuation offers information on how the market is presently valuing the stock. Compon ents measured using the relative valuation technique include the price earning ratio, price to sales ratio, price to book value and the price to cash flow. Unlike the present value of security valuation, relative valuation approach does not offer insights as to whether current valuations are appropriate. Thus, valuations could be too low or high at a certain point in time. As such, Relative valuation is suitable when there are comparable firms in terms of the risk, industry and size in the market. It is also appropriate when the aggregate market and the entity’s industry are not under valuation extreme. That is to mean that the collective market and the firm’s industry should not be acutely overvalued or undervalued (Strong, 2008). Both cash flow approach and relative valuation approach have several factors in common. One is that they are both affected by the investor’s required return on the stock since this return rate becomes a significant element of the disc ount rate. Secondly, the two valuation approaches are affected by the growth rate estimation employed in the valuation technique such as dividends, sales or earnings. Therefore, the two approaches may be considered as complementary. 2. The concepts of systematic and unsystematic risk, variance, covariance, standard deviation and beta as each of these relate to investment management. Unsystematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is associated with the industry in which a company operates. Unsystematic risks are also referred to as specific risks or diversifiable risks for they are specific in each industry, and they are reduced through diversification. Unsystematic risks arise as a result of factors particular to an industry or the firm such product category, marketing, research and development and pricing. Systematic risks refer to the kind of uncertainty that is inherent in the whole market segment. They are also referred to as market risks or non-diversifiable risks bec ause they are inherent in the entire market and diversification do not result in their reduction. Systematic risks are such as war, inflation, change in taxation, global security perils and political instability that affect the functioning of firms in all industries. Total risk is a combination of systematic and unsystematic risks. Variance is the measure of volatility from the mean. Variance helps an investor to establish the risk involved in purchasing a certain security. A higher variance indicates greater variability and thus greater risk. A greater variance also

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Economics - Essay Example The works by Prebisch (1947; 1949) and Singher (1950) attempted to explain economic growth based on the differences in products produced by different nations. The less developed nations according to these theories have to purchase the manufactured goods from the Northern nations at prices in excess of what of what they get for selling their primary goods (to the Northern nations). This ultimately adversely affects the economic growth of the less developed nations and thus they remain less developed (Todaro, 2003). These theories thus argue for promoting import-substituting policies for economic growth. Alternative theories by Harrod (1939) and advanced by Kregel (1980) capture the dynamics of economic growth by assuming that it is determined endogenously by the saving and investment decisions of firms. In this model, the growth rates put forward are actual, warranted and natural growth rates. Based on this approach, the long run growth rate is determined by the closed economy social saving rate rather than net exports. However, this model has been criticised for showing the possibility of unstable growth in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). It has been shown that though there can be instability to some extent for the growth path, its extent is restricted by many endogenous factors in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). 3. Conclusion In this essay, the discussion shows that low savings rate alone cannot explain the differences between developed and developing nations. By improving saving rates alone, developing nations cannot catch up with the West. Many other factors discussed above determine the differences between these nations. 1. Introduction The relationship between free trade and economic growth has been a topic of debate for the academicians and policy makers in the recent years. In this essay, the arguments for and against free trade are discussed. 2. Arguments for and Against Free Trade Greater availability of cheaper goods from abroad will lower t he domestic price level, since the consumption bundle used to compute broad inflation measures includes imported goods. The magnitude of this effect depends on the share of imports in the consumption bundle of the representative household.Also as the economy opens up the shocks to the price level due to the domestic farm sector; output fluctuations are likely to ease which may diminish the price fluctuations (Jin, 2000 etc). As per the Dutch disease hypothesis (Collier and Gunning, 1999) and the political economy models (Alesina and Perotti, 1994), trade openness can affect fiscal deficits through the instability of government revenue. First, countries with an outward-looking strategy have higher levels of competition, are less corrupt (Ades and Di Tella, 1999) and have higher fiscal balances and lower fiscal deficit. Second, trade openness increases income inequalities which enhances the demand of public goods (Alesina and Perotti, 1994) and, simultaneously, reduces the ability of governments to collect taxes. Third, trade policy could reduce government revenue in the short run (Bean, 1999), which could occur when increases in openness result from a reduction in tariffs. However, for a given level of tariffs, government revenue from taxes is an increasing function of trade openness. Thus, in the

HR Management Challenges at Jaguar Land Rover

HR Management Challenges at Jaguar Land Rover 1. Introduction This report is being presented in response to a request by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) to analyse and assess some important HR implications of the current initiatives by some leading UK companies to send some of their brightest talent to work in emerging markets in order to gain fruitful international experience. Jaguar Land Rover, an iconic British company that has in the past gone through very difficult times and was purchased by the Indian TATA Group of Companies, has been steadily improving its operational and financial performance during past two years. Much of the companys growth is arising from its success in the newly developing emerging markets of the world. Whilst the company still has to make its presence felt in India, the home country of its new owners, its sales are steadily improving in countries like China and Russia, which have many high income individuals ready to spend on high performance luxury cars. The JLR management has recently initiated a proposal for sending some of its best senior managers to China and Russia to gain important international experience (Peacock, 2010, p 1). The company has further more informed its managers that strong experience in such international postings will improve their chances for progression to the board of directors. The Chinese market is extremely important to JLR, second in numbers only to the UK and the USA (Peacock, 2010, p 1). The company is also investigating the possibility of establishing a joint venture in China for the manufacture of thousands of cars (Bowman, 2010, p 1-2). With emerging markets like China, India and Russia becoming increasingly important to western business corporations, many British and American companies are actively investigating the idea of sending their managers to such countries to gain important international experience and insight (Bowman, 2010, p 1-2). JLRs proposal to send some of its key managers abroad was followed by the news of a survey of 418 UK executives that revealed that 40% of companies have plans to send more of their employees to emerging markets in East Europe, the Middle East, Russia and Asia (Bowman, 2010, p 1-2). Such proposals for systematic relocation of high quality organisational talent from home environments to overseas locations is bound to have a number of HR implications, not just from the individuals likely to be effected by such moves, but also by their bosses, who might not be willing to be deprived of bright employees working under them. Whilst such moves by UK companies are bound to have a number of organisational implications, this report deals with three specific HR issues namely, (a) organisational change, (b) cultural differences in international human resource management and (c) Talent Management. 2. Organisational Change Contemporary business organisations like JLR operate in extremely dynamic environments that are constantly being influenced and impacted by changes in technologies and in marketing and economic environments. JLR has in fact suffered extensively in the past because of its inability to respond adequately to global developments in the markets for luxury cars. Its takeover by the India based TATA group has been followed by a number of initiatives in different operational and marketing areas with good results. The company has decided to expand beyond its traditional markets in the UK and the United States and is actively searching for new markets in the Middle East, Russia, China and other emerging economies. Such changes in marketing strategies have been prompted and necessitated by the huge ongoing change in global economies and the expansion of wealth to the emerging and developing economies. Adoption of different organisational strategies often results in the need to bring about significant, long lasting and beneficial organisational change (Bovey, 2001, p 372). Such organisational change requires an identification of where an organisation should be, compared to where it is today, for achievement of strategic objectives, and the formulation and implementation of strategies to take the organisation from where it is to where it should be (Bovey, 2001, p 372). Whilst organisational change can be required on account of a number of environmental and marketing reasons, such change is essentially brought about through the agency of organisational managers and employees and needs to be viewed mainly through HR perspectives (Bovey, 2001, p 372). Numerous studies have confirmed time and again that the majority of organisational change initiatives are unsuccessful in achieving all or some of the original change objectives despite their being widespread agreement about the importance and relevance of such change (Hayes, 2006, p 87). Whilst some change initiatives may founder and lead to adverse consequences because they were essentially grounded in wrong decisions and inappropriate strategic thought, the majority of reasons behind the failure of otherwise important and desirable change initiatives largely occur because of various employee related issues (Hayes, 2006, p 87). There is general agreement on the fact that change initiatives brought about only through orders of senior managers are unlikely to be successful without strong support, involvement and participation of employees. Much of organisational resistance to change comes about from the apprehensions and insecurities of employees in being able to cope with the demand s of the planned changes. Such insecurities could arise from the prospects of having to learn new technologies, work in different locations, handle different people and exploit new markets (Hayes, 2006, p 87). The employees of JLR who are being asked to move to locations in China may well suffer from various apprehensions about the impact of such movements on their personal and professional lives. Such changes could lead to their having to be separated from their wives and children and working in different social, cultural, economic and legal environments (Hayes, 2006, p 87). Resistance to change is a much examined organisational phenomenon. Change management experts like Lewin and Kotter have advanced useful methods for implementation of organisational change. Lewin recommends a three stage change management process that consists of unfreeze, change and freeze stages (Lewin, 2005, p 14). Kotter on the other hand recommends that change should be brought in more gradually over the course of eight appropriate stages (Kotter, 2009, p 7). Whilst such tools for bringing about organisational change have been found to be useful, management experts assert that good change management stems out of effective leadership. Leaders are responsible for bringing about effective organisational change (Kotter, 2009, p 54). It is their responsibility to determine the change objectives, engage in transparent and clear communication about the need for change with organisational employees, identify and motivate change champions throughout the organisation, back change initiatives with physical and human resources and be committed to the achievement of the change objective (Kotter, 2009, p 54). JLR is in the process of implementing a number of change initiatives to improve its strategic processes, market share and operating efficiencies. The proposal to send its talented managers to an important business location like China in order to prepare them for board level positions is integral to such organisational change initiatives. The organisation leadership will have to take care to ensure the careful and appropriate implementation of such processes to achieve change objectives. 3. The Impact of Cultural Differences in International HR Management Globalisation, along with the liberalisation of isolated economies like those of the erstwhile Soviet bloc, China and India, has helped in the development of enormous business opportunities for western corporations (Zakaria, 2000, p 497). Western MNCs have being quick to spot the huge potential markets in these regions and have increased their marketing and production operations across Latin America, the Middle East, Russia and Asia, both to make use of their low cost economic environments and to exploit their growing and attractive markets (Zakaria, 2000, p 497). China represents an important destination for JLR and constitutes the third most important market for the company with potential for substantial future growth. The country is also an attractive destination for the establishment of economic production operations. Whilst the country is extremely important for the achievement of the organisations overall strategy, the success of such a strategy will be significantly influenced by the ability of the company and its managers to succeed in significantly different environmental conditions in China (Stulz, 2003, p 315). Whilst China is making strong efforts to integrate into the global economy, its social, cultural, economic, legal and political environment is significantly different from those of the UK and the USA (Stulz, 2003, p 315). MNC managers are required to handle numerous variables and deal with complex challenges in such foreign environments, many of which are not relevant in their home locations (Stulz, 2003, p 315). The need for such managers to operate in essentially different cultural environments is among the most significant of such challenges. The effect of such cultural differences on the functioning of expatriate managers is often extensive and is commonly termed as culture shock (Gallagher, 1996, p 228). HR experts state that culture shocks can not only affect the effectiveness of expatriate managers to succeed in their assignments, but t hat the ability of such managers to successfully operate in foreign conditions is largely dependent on their ability to recognise, plan for and overcome cultural differences (Gallagher, 1996, p 228). Cultural experts like Hofstede and Trompenaars have studied the issue in details and analysed specific reasons for such differences, which are unique to the social and cultural milieu of individual nations (Gallagher, 1996, p 228). It is important to appreciate that such cultural differences can lead to the emergence of frustration and feelings of strain, which can arise from not understanding the thoughts and actions of local people. Such strain and frustration can lead to anger, depression and helplessness (Maznevski, et al, 2002, p 276). International managers have to be trained to cope with the emotional, thinking and social aspects of cultural differences (Maznevski, et al, 2002, p 276). It becomes very important for organisations to engage in carefully planned and deliberated effo rts to orient their managers to deal with a vast range of cultural differences, especially so when managers have to be sent to countries with very different cultures (Stulz, 2003, p 315). The senior management of JLR must taker careful note of this aspect of international operations and engage in appropriate action, if it wishes to truly exploit the enormous opportunities available in China. 4. Talent Management Talent management represents a complex array of interrelated HR processes that are jointly used to improve the quality of organisational talent (Farndale, et al, 2010, p 32). With it widely being accepted that human resource constitute the most important organisational resource in modern day business, most well run organisations aim to utilise their human resources effectively by taking specific steps to sharpen and improve organisational talent (Farndale, et al, 2010, p 32). Mckinsey referred to this growing movement for improvement of organisational talent as the war for talent. With competition intensifying progressively across the world, most organisations realise that the maintenance and enhancement of competitive advantage is significantly dependent upon their ability to recruit, attract, develop and retain talent (Farndale, et al, 2010, p 32). JLR competes, in its segment of high priced luxury cars with globally famous competitors like BMW, Mercedes Benz and Toyota, all of whi ch are known for the superior quality of their managerial staff and workforce. JLR must also thus make deliberate efforts and adopt appropriate HR policies to nourish, nurture and reward its in house talent and make efforts to attract the best of external talent from outside. Its efforts to send employees who have been recognised on account of their superior management skills to China in order to develop them for senior organisational positions is an important HR process for development of organisational talent (Guthridge Komm, 2008, p 5). The exposure of these chosen managers to very different working and cultural environments will help them to understand different cultures and work with diverse types of people in alien environments (Guthridge Komm, 2008, p 5). Such exposure will help these employees extensively in understanding and appreciating the global economy and important company markets. It will also help them to obtain a world view and appreciate human diversity. Such experience should be invaluable in their development as professional managers (Guthridge Komm, 2008, p 5). Reward and remuneration policies also constitute an integral part of talent management processes (Briscoe, et al, 2009, p 46). Organisational talent not only has to be nurtured but also has to be rewarded handsomely in order to build organisational loyalty and retain it in house (Briscoe, et al, 2009, p 46). JLRs proposal to tie up assignments in China with positive weightage for future board level positions indicates its organisational policy to handsomely reward managers who are committed to organisational interest and personal and professional development. JLR must follow up its proposal to send these managers to China with transparent and clear communication on the reasons for doing so and how such an initiative will help the organisation as well as the individual managers. 5. Conclusions

Macbeth: A Noble and Highly Respected Figure In Ducans Reign :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: A Noble and Highly Respected Figure In Ducan's Reign Macbeth was a noble and highly respected figure in King Duncan's reign. He lived a brave and honest life, serving the King and his country against evil. The Tragedy of Macbeth occurred when the weird sisters met Macbeth for the first time. An evil mind took over Macbeth, and he was doomed to the witches prophesies until his death. Macbeth was a General of the King's army, and served the King with honor and dignity. After success in the battle against the Thane of Cawdor, which was Macbeth's final serving for King Duncan, Banquo and he met with the King. Banquo was commended, and "To make thee full of growing. - Noble Banquo" (Act 1 Scene 4); but Macbeth was given all the credit, and titled "My worthy Cawdor!" (Act 1 Scene 4), Thane of Cawdor for his service. It was during this scene, where Duncan announced Malcom as his future successor, that Macbeth's thoughts became evil obsessions. A power was taking over him, his own flaw from evil, brought about by the weird sisters. "Stars, hide your fires, Let not the light see my black and deep desires." (Act 1 Scene 4). Macbeth's flaw is highly influenced by his wife, Lady Macbeth, who has wicked thoughts, and persuades Macbeth into many actions he would not normally do. "Only look up clear: To alter favour ever is to fear. Leave all the rest to me" (Act 1 Scene 5) shows her strength over Macbeth. As Macbeth prepares to kill Duncan, he hallucinates, and many thoughts cross his mind, but when the bell sounds, "Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell." (Act 2 Scene 2) and Macbeth acts promptly. After the murder Macbeth regrets his actions, but again Lady Macbeth is influential toward him, reminding his that "These deeds must not be thought After these ways; so, it will make us mad." (Act 2 Scene 2). Macbeth's true self again break through when he has false thoughts about his actions. "Had I but died an hour before this chance I had lived a blessed time; for, from this instant, There's nothing serious in mortality. All is but toys; renown and grace is dead, The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees Is left this vault to brag of." (Act 2 Scene 4). All the confusion surrounding Macbeth has prompted him to make some errors. He did not place the daggers on the guards after the murders, and then before anybody was able to talk to the

Can Go week 6

Go has moved from a small startup to a recognized growth company having a recent IPO offering. CanGo is currently lacking in a critical area for any business. It needs to focus on Strategic Planning. Strategic Planning will benefit CanGo by allowing it to: 1. Clearly define its goals consistently with its Mission and Vision statement. 2. Communicate effectively its goals to all of the organization. 3. Provide a foundation on which to direct future efforts. CanGo has the layers for a hierarchical organization. CanGo will work well within a matrix management structure.Matrix management pools a group of people together with similar skills to work on different projects. Weights are usually assigned to criteria based on the importance of the criteria to the decision maker, and criteria are rarely of equal importance to a decision maker. The synthesis of an alternative is mainly done on the basis of prioritized objectives. When a suitable process is decided and applied to a problem, rating of the alternatives can be converted into ranks, based basically on the preferences of a decision maker.Once the a list of key features is arrived at, they are ordered from most to least important. Ranking is determined according to: * Personal preferences. * Relationship with disciplinary preferences. * In terms of their meaning. It is also important to identify other features that are used in the decision maker's comprehensive evaluation that aren't being used in his criteria-based evaluation. The list may also be needed to be revised and checked if it suits the decision maker's initial requirements.When this process is completed, the decision maker's assessment should reflect in the rankings given to specific features. When the decision maker has a good sense of the criteria and the overall assessment is well aligned, it ‘s time to assign weights to criteria. Weights are always assigned strictly based on the logic of the decision making authorities, but they are not always assigned keeping Just quantitative results in mind, sometimes, weights can also be assigned to criteria for purely qualitative purposes.

Make Better Decisions by Thinking Like a Computer Professor Ramos Blog

Make Better Decisions by Thinking Like a Computer   Tom Griffiths is a Psychologist Cognitive scientist who is exploring connections between artificial and natural intelligence to discover how people solve challenging problems. First Griffiths Explains how you can use thirty seven percent to make better choices in your life . He brings up the moment of buying a home which can be a very stressful time. If you look at thirty seven percent of homes that are on the market he suggest you should buy the next home that is better than any of the other house you have preciously looked at. this will maximize your probability   that you will find the best place. Second he teaches us about Explore or Exploit which is trying something new or going with something that you all ready know will be good. Griffith tells us its like choosing where to eat. Do you go some where you have never been or do you go to your usual spot. He wants us to look at the time that we will be spend in that area. If we are going to stay a while we may try something new s o that we can gather information. But if we are just there for the day we want to exploit by just eating somewhere we are familiar with. Third is Last Accessed, take   a filing box for example and when you use a file you need to put it back in the box on the left side. this makes it earlier for you to find things that you use more often because they will be on the left side. Now he compares our brain to a   computer,it takes information   and stores it. But what happens when its full? It has to delete   information that is not being used. The last accessed information is what is deleted, just like the saying if you dont use it you lose it.   so the files on the right side of your box are going to be you last accessed which will be tossed out first. Q1. Do you think that these 3 tool can help you in real life ? yes or no and why? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mLQFm3wEfw   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Photo by rawpixel.com on Pexels.com

Checklist for Editing Paragraphs and Essays

Checklist for Editing Paragraphs and Essays Editing is a way of thinking critically and reading carefully.(C. Friend and D. Challenger, Contemporary Editing. Routledge, 2014) After revising an essay (perhaps several times) until were satisfied with its basic content and structure, we still need to edit our work. In other words, we need to examine our sentences to make sure that each one is clear, concise, forceful, and free of mistakes. Use this checklist as a guide when editing paragraphs and essays. Is each sentence clear and complete?Can any short, choppy sentences be improved by combining them?Can any long, awkward sentences be improved by breaking them down into shorter units and recombining them?Can any wordy sentences be made more concise?Can any run-on sentences be more effectively coordinated or subordinated?Does each verb agree with its subject?Are all verb forms correct and consistent?Do pronouns refer clearly to the appropriate nouns?Do all modifying words and phrases refer clearly to the words they are intended to modify?Is each word in the essay appropriate and effective?Is each word spelled correctly?Is the punctuation correct? See also:Revision and Editing Checklist for a Critical Essay

Personal statement for law school Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For law school - Personal Statement Example The officer not considering the situation, gave me a ticket and helped the other car to speed off, even after the lights turned to a stop sign. To my surprise, the officer implicated me and used the events to my disadvantage. He made severe decisions that led me into trouble not considering that the insurance for my car had expired. As a result, my insurer came into the mix attracting more trouble. The realization of this unjust treatment for the less privileged was extremely empowering. I knew that concentrating on the officer’s hostility would only reinforce my fear and the prejudice he had against me bearing in mind it was the other car that was on the wrong. My passion for equality and social justice kept growing until now when I wish to have a chance to participate in the fight against the unprivileged while at the same time empowering others. It is with this enthusiasm that I have great passion and interest for

Alzheimer-Related Disabilities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alzheimer-Related Disabilities - Assignment Example However, before it reaches to that stage, she will need to undergo further neurological tests and speech tests every so often to determine the progress of the disease. She therefore needs to establish a fund for these expenses. She is currently living alone which is something that will have to change as the disease progresses to an extent that she cannot be able to carry out routine chores without assistance due to the degeneration. She is also bound to forget a lot of tasks which will necessitate one of her children to come live with her. It is important to maintain her housing as she needs familiar environment in order to cope better. As a result of the numerous tests and special attention for the patient, the disease will demand having a stable financial background. Ellen is only a secretary but the fact that she has worked for 34 years is a guarantee that she is entitled to a handsome social security fund. Since she will be having a disability, she will get the disability fund and once she is 65 years old, she will benefit from the elderly people allowances (Fijiura, 2010). As mentioned above, Alzheimer’s disease degenerate the brain through hardening of the arteries which leads to loss of mental skills and abilities. The individual is therefore deemed dependent and cannot perform normal functions such as the usual jobs and chores. In this case therefore, Ellen will not be able to perform her secretarial job or even her home chores effectively. She is bound to forget or lack ability to comprehend what is needed to be performed. Some of the early symptoms of the disease include loss of sense of time or even place; have a decline in activities such as those that she used to be able to perform and were easy now become difficult including being able to take a bath. There are changes in personality where she may become

Discuss the Hong Kyongnae Uprising of 1812. What were the main causes Coursework

Discuss the Hong Kyongnae Uprising of 1812. What were the main causes and how did leaders rally support for their cause - Coursework Example The major causes of this revolt, which rocked PyÃ… ngan, the Northern Province, included regional bigotry and poor harvests (Buswell, 2006). The province of PyÃ… ngan was neglected by the central government, causing a dire regional inequality with other areas. The disgruntlement with socioeconomic inflexibility combined with debauched irregularity and corrupt leadership instigated people to gang up the inept dominion. The provincial tax frauds triggered the Chinju insurrection, which was masterminded by learned individuals who resorted to defend the interest of the public against corrupt officials. The people who supported the rebellion were those who were fed up with the corruption in the government (Fuqua, 2011). They had a common goal of deposing leadership that was an epitome of moral decadence, with public officials engaging in various corrupt deals and committing various atrocities without shame. As such, they managed to sway a large number of people to fight for a common int erest of establishing a responsible government. Following this serious revolt, many people from the countryside flocked Chinju nabbing the armed forces commander and assassinating the

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Essay What kind of decision process can you expect in the following cases and why ? (a) Purchase of a greeting card for a close friend. (b) Purchase of an after shave lotion/moisturizer. Ans. Before giving answer to both questions first of all we must know what product involvement and purchase involvement). because meaning of both term determine direction of decision . Purchase involvement As the level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase. Thus, purchase nvolvement is temporary state of individual or household. It influenced by loat many factors Product involvement involvement of consumer towards particular brand .In process of purchasing a greeting card for close friend involve limited decision making purchase process. Limited decision making process involve few alternative and simple decision rules and a little post purchase evalution Why- limited decision making process occurs in some emotional and situational needs. Purchasing a greeting card for friend also influenced by our emotion and ituation . Situational factor affect in this manner like for what type of occasion we are presenting greeting card to our friend. it may be occasion of birthday, achievement and some other occasion Emotion our friend ship is product of our emotional bonding with some one and emotional attachment always form limited decision making . purchasing of product you always anticipate what would be impression of my card. In limited decision making Use and post purchase of given vary less importance because product ( greeting card )would be use by some another erson who still have not form his expectation abut particular brand. b) Purchase of an after shave lotion/moisturizer- Nominal decision making Purchase shave lotion involve nominal decision making because nominal decision making referred also as a habitual decision making which occur at number of time such as purchasing of lotion also happen number of time in nominal decision process problem is recognized ,internal search provide one solution what type of LOTION you are using previously ,what is your preferred brand and evaluation occurs only when f previous LOTION brand fails to perform . Nominal decision making occur when low purchase and involvement . in case of purchasing of LOTION there is very less purchase involvement because person are more conscious about brand of LOTION. 2. How would knowledge of perception learning help you in designing your marketing program for the following products and services? Justify your answer with reasons. a. Disposable Diapers Designing market programme for Disposable diapers we need to develop and evaluate for Ps of marketing to position product in mind of

Development Of Metro Rail Tourism Essay

Development Of Metro Rail Tourism Essay The functioning of Mumbai depends mainly on the transportation system for the movement of people and goods in, out and around Mumbai. It is evident from the past that introduction of railways in Mumbai has resulted in the economic growth of the city. The current public transportation depends largely on the trains and buses. As per the data by Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, 2003 and Indian Railways, 2002, Mumbai is the only exceptional city in India which has most extensive rail network carrying more than 5 million passengers a day- 58% of total public transport passengers as compared to 42% by buses (cited in Pucher Korattyswroopam, 2004). Even after a decade, the population of Mumbai is heavily dependent on the railways as their primary mode of transportation. The citys suburban railway was built to accommodate 1700 people, but today carries more than 3 times its actual capacity. Moreover, it is said that a fleet of around 200 railways make more than 2000 trips across the city which is still proving to be insufficient day by day. The suburban trains handle a commuter population of 6 million every day, which is equivalent to the size of Sydney city. The trains also run at a very good frequency providing the right kind of option for travel (Nallathiga, 2008 p. 38). Buses too are being exploited and the roads are not capable enough to hold the burden of ever growing population. The roads, railways and the buses are getting more and more congested due to urbanisation. Moreover, there is no scope to extend this city as it is geographically surrounded by water. So the only options which remain are either to shift the traffic under the ground, over the ground or on the water. Owing to this situation, it becomes essential to investigate the transport system and come up with solutions capable enough to handle the burden in the future. It would not only strengthen the backbone of this financial capital of a rapidly growing country but will also release a l ot of pressure on the current transport facilities. Over the years, there have been many suggestions and recommendations which have been given for the development of Mumbai. Many of these projects are successfully completed or are either under construction. This research will primarily focus on the upcoming Metro Rail project which is being considered as a subordinate to the overcrowded suburban railways. The study will revolve around the difficulties faced by the project managers in implementing their decisions on such a huge scale and the strategies they need to overcome these problems. At this current stage the construction of the Metros first line which is 11.7 km stretch is under construction and is considered to be almost ready for the testing. The original deadline for the project was August 2012, but due to delays in getting right of work (ROW) permits from the government and other clearances for the project, the project will eventually see operations by the end of this year (Kumar, 2012 [online]). This can be treated as the f irst failure of the project and its management as it will be not be able to deliver the Metro Rail facility as per the committed schedule. At this point of time, a comparison of the project reports of Delhi and Kolkata Metro projects can prove handy in avoiding mistakes committed in past. Critical analysis of these reports can help in foreseeing the approaching management issues and take necessary steps. Metro rail is a huge project (as seen in figure 1.1) with many expectations to fulfil. Efficient and scheduled performance will not only benefit the economy but will also provide relief to the people of Mumbai, Government and the over stressed suburban railway. The findings from the project reports of the Metro Rail in Delhi and Kolkata can help in recognizing the threats that might affect the development of the Metro Rail in Mumbai. It will also find out the main weaknesses due to which certain plans in those projects had difficulties in successful implementation. Similarly, it wil l also benefit to understand the strengths of this project as well as the opportunities it has or will have in the future to capitalise and develop the project in a way that will pass on maximum benefits to its consumers and stakeholders. Developing a sustainable and robust transport system will contribute a big deal by laying a strong foundation to the progress of this city. The success of this research is necessary as this may further instigate a movement for a better and an efficient model of transportation system in urban cities and bring out the importance of project management in government projects across the country. mumbai-map.gif Fig 1.1 Existing Suburban Rail Map with upcoming Metro Rail routes [Source: www.urbanrail.net] Theoretical Underpinnings: The pursuit for conducting this research began after watching a couple of documentaries on the city of Mumbai. The first one was a National Geographic production known as Megacities which looked into various aspects of working models of huge cities around the world. Mumbai was the city in one of its episodes. The transportation system portrayed in it fascinated me. This was followed by a bit of research and then I came across a documentary on Bombay Railways presented by the BBC. Being born and brought up in this city, I have experienced the crowd in the trains and other public transportation. But after watching the documentaries, it inspired me to conduct a research in this area to understand the way in which projects are planned and managed at such a high level where the pressure of performance and urgency to deliver is enormous. My next point of reference was a report published by McKinsey and Company in the year 2003 which laid a plan for rehabilitation of the city of Mumbai. The se few intelligence sources form a background to my research. The focus then shifted to one of the recommendations given out in the McKinsey report being constructed in Mumbai which is the Metro Rail. This forms the main topic and the research will be conducted to overview the project management difficulties and complexities faced while carrying out such a big project in the huge city of Mumbai. Mentioned below are the theoretical academic sources that form a part of obtaining knowledge for the chosen topic. Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling and controlling (2009): To commence every research, one needs a solid foundation of understanding the subject area. For project management the above mentioned book stands to be a guide. After the PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), the official project management guide by Project Management Institute, this is referred as a textbook for the certificate examination. The book is in its 10th edition written by Harold Kerzner, with more than 2500 citations. This book explains projects in various stages and gives a systematic approach towards its management. This book suits a beginner level of understanding of Project Management giving an easy understanding of basic principles. It accepts and inculcates changes taking place in the current business scenario and moreover explains them by giving case studies. The main purpose of using this book is its thorough explanation on organisational structure which would prove beneficial to understand the complex organisational structure of the public sector organis ation in India. It also includes chapters on Time and stress management, risk management and quality management which can prove beneficial for the comparison of the ongoing metro projects and its various dimensions. Successful Project Management (2005): This research deals more with the success and failure of projects. For Government projects, many like the metro rail that is being analysed in this research, it is important to maintain the balance between demands of the public, project that has been undertaken and the final product that is being offered. Successful Project Management is a book written by Trevor L Young. It starts by defining success and what it means to various people measuring it. It even takes the reader through the technical terminologies of project management and leads its way through to the steps of managing projects successfully. This book has no more than 30 citations but will be very useful for this research because the Metro Rail project needs to be measured for its success. Success means a very big deal for the projects like Metro as it is being constructed to improve the present infrastructure of a city. Moreover it even uses public funds for its construction; therefore the expectations of return from the stakeholders will be higher than any other private projects. Mass Urban Transportation in India (2008): This journal article helps in shifting focus from the project management literature to understanding the issues in mass urban transportation system, especially in Mumbai. The article is written by Ramakrishna Nallathiga who explains the growth and urbanization of Indian cities and its relation with the development of three modes of transportation i.e. rail, road and water. It tests three different cities for its development in mass transportation systems and gives out recommendations for its growth. The author takes Mumbai, Delhi and Ahmedabad as samples, defines the background of each of these citys transportation systems and tries to prove the importance of developing a robust transport system. Though the paper is not very well written, it can prove beneficial for this research as a source for a lot of valuable data compiled by the author, which would save a lot of valuable time and resources. Evaluation of Public Transport Systems: Case Study of Delhi Metro (2005): As the research gains more depth and focus, the next step will be going through the case studies. Since Mumbai Metro project is yet to be functional it might be difficult to gather all the required data. Also comparing similar Metro Rail projects already constructed in other cities of India can help in getting an idea of the issues faced by the management and examine the factors which can affect Metro Rails success when it starts in Mumbai. This journal article helps creating a literature base of the case studies. There are similarities in the objectives of this journal article and to what this research is trying to find out. The authors Mukti Advani and Geetam Tiwari try to test the success of introducing Metro Rails in three different cities in India. This will assist me in developing a critical vision to inspect the intelligence data and the documents collected from the respective organisations. This document has covered Metro Rail projects in Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata, two of wh ich shall form to be a part of this research too. Hence, linking this journal article with the Mass Urban Transportation in India article will help in gathering a lot of data and can create a platform to develop arguments once all the documents and intelligence that will be gathered. The academic sources mentioned above can set off this research with a strong base of knowledge and provide direction to further research and analysis of the secondary data and intelligence sources. These four sources are connected to each other in order of which they have provided guidance and focus for the topic of this research. The topic chosen will no doubt have many complexities, which will be systematically dealt with the proper use of research methodology. Research Methodology: This research proposes to look into the complex issues of the transportation system of one of the worlds biggest cities. It focuses mainly upon the upcoming project of Metro Rail in Mumbai and the factors affecting its construction and the problems that might affect its functioning in the future. Gathering secondary data and intelligence would prove insufficient because of the nature of this research. Collecting firsthand information and primary data particularly focussing on this research can actually help in understanding the difficulties faced by the local authorities in implementation of the plans. Hence, most of this research will be conducted in Mumbai where I will as a researcher involve myself as a part of it. Having interest in photography as well, I plan to even take some pictures for the research by myself. The research is related to social science shaping into the path of interpretive paradigm. This approach proves to be beneficial to the research because of various reasons. Interpretivists attempt to minimize the distance between the researcher and what is researched (Collis Hussey, 2009). This helps in accessing and analysing the information and is a part of the researcher himself. However as the participants are human beings, the reality is subjective and multiple depending on their view points. On the other hand it also provides a benefit to the researcher to keep an open mind and think in different directions as per the data collected. It also links to the methodological approach being used to conduct a research. Interpretivism uses an array of methodologies to help the researcher build up on a strong research. This research will be primarily based upon the intelligence such as documents provided by the local transport authorities, newspaper articles, etc. supported by the evidence in academic journals, research papers and books. Document research will be the methodology applied in analyzing Public documents. Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions have setup an initiative known as Right to Information Act, 2005 giving power to the citizens to avail the information published by the State and Central Government Legislation. This would prove beneficial to gain access to the documents related to the project. Mumbai Metro Rail project is the joint venture of Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) which is a public body, funded by the Reliance Infrastructure, a public limited company. Familiarizing oneself with these kinds of research materials can be an extremely time consuming activity, mainly because of the vastness and det ail of documents associated with official events and enquiries (Bryman Bell, 2011 p.550). It stands to be the main drawback as it might prove costly in conducting research with limited time. This will need a lot of time management which no doubt is challenging but if followed properly, will turn out to be the main feature of this entire research. The other drawback of document research is the validity and credibility of the data being used. The question of credibility raises the issue of whether or not the documentary source is biased (Bryman Bell, 2011 p.550). At this point of time, intelligence sources like newspapers, websites and magazines will help in confirming the validity and the credibility which might help in getting a clear view of actual scenario. Critical analysis of the public documents will be a priority in conducting this research. The public documents provide a lot of information both qualitative and statistical which would help a great deal in understanding the si tuations in which strategic decisions are made. Kolkata was the first city in India to adopt the Metro rail system. Delhi is also equipped with this system in the recent past. Therefore a case study analysis will also form a part of this research in which the project management of the Metro Rail systems in Kolkata and Delhi will be tested to provide data that will help in suggesting recommendations to the Mumbai metro rail project and build up a strong base of literature for the research. Studying cases of Kolkata and Delhi will also help in understanding the change in the strategic decisions taken over the period of time while undertaking the construction of these projects. This data will be collected from the secondary sources like journal articles or periodicals written by the government authorities to review their decisions taken on a particular project or by the management researchers conducting independent research. This approach will slightly direct the research towards quantitative research methodology. But this method wil l help in acquiring a lot of useful quantitative as well as qualitative data within a very short period of time and within the available resources. Secondary analysis is the analysis of data by researchers who will probably not have been involved in the collection of those data, for purposes that in all likelihood were not envisaged by those responsible for data collection (Bryman Bell, 2011). There are various advantages for using this method of data collection. The most important one is that the data collected will be reliable and of high quality as it will go through rigorous examination and scrutiny being conducted by the organisation itself to analyse their performance. At the same time there will be some drawbacks of using this methodology too. Complexity and lack of familiarity with the data will need some attention while using this research technique (Bryman Bell, 2011). Analysing and filtering the data as per the need of this research will be important to ensure the quali ty of work. This particular research is being carried out for a taught masters dissertation which puts a restriction on the time limit. Taking this research to a further level it would have been interesting to interview people who have worked for this project and also to interview commuters to ask their experience by travelling in Metro. That would have helped in understanding the effort and planning applied by the project managers and also the true success of this project. Time Plan: The main research is planned to be undertaken after the proposal is marked and accepted. As it is planned to be in Mumbai, I will fly back there on the 30th of May 2012. I shall be returning home after almost 10 months, so I wish to take a break and go on vacation with my family for 15 days. From 15th of June 2012, I shall start with the data collection process of my research. I have divided the whole data collection process in two different stages. The first stage will be going to the offices of MMRDA and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation and collecting as much data in the form of public documents relevant to the research. The process is quite lengthy and time consuming and shall require a lot of formalities too. Therefore, I have allotted around a months time for the same. I also wish to take some photographs of the site where this project is being constructed. In the meanwhile I will start with the stage two of the data collection process i.e. collecting literature on the Project Management and Managing Transport related projects. After having sufficient literature for the topic and gathering data, I plan to start with analysing the data. From 20th of July, I shall start with the analysis of the data with the help of intelligence sources like websites and newspapers. Simultaneously, I shall even start preparing the drafts of the dissertation. Co-ordinating with my tutor, I shall send my first draft by the first week of August. Once I start writing the dissertation I plan to send drafts to my tutor every 10 days for 3 or 4 times. I have set a deadline of completing the dissertation by the first week of September i.e. before the 9th so that it allows me ample time to get it proof read from my friends who work in organisations as managers themselves and also from professionals/ managers in the Mumbai Metro project if at all they are willing to help me with it. After it is finalized and approved the final copy will be printed and bound before submitting it on t he 25th of September 2012. I even plan to take up a job after going back home, which I look as a potential threat in my research process. But completing my graduation stands as a priority and as much as possible I shall stick to the plan that I have chalked for the entire process. Ethical Consideration: By conducting this research, I accept the responsibility of doing it professionally. I assure that the research shall be within the framing of Basic Research Principles. I also assure to do this research with honesty without abusing or exploiting the trust and knowledge of the respondents. I shall not make any false or misleading statements regarding my own information or my institution of research. There would be no harm, physically or mentally to any of the participant or to those of whom the information is being used. Its findings are unlikely to cause any damage to others who are not involved in it and the participation of the respondents shall thoroughly be voluntary. I ensure that the research shall be designed, carried out, reported and documented accurately, transparently and objectively. I take the responsibility of producing this research in limits and framework designed for research practice. The research will not use any kind of controversial interviews or questionnaires which could breach the personal space or integrity of the participant. The case studies and articles used to gather secondary data and samples will not be misrepresented in anyways and will be purely used to give out positive effects towards the research and society. This research will not violate any community standards by any means. (Source: www.esomar.org [online]).

Waste Land Essay: Isolation from a Noble Past -- T.S. Eliot Waste Land

The Waste Land:   Isolation from a Noble Past  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Desire to return to a noble past is a central theme of T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land.   The narrators of the poem consistently show dissatisfaction with the present, and describe, with yearning, the quality of the past; furthermore, Eliot portrays the contemporary world as irredeemably lost to the beauty of antiquity.   In The Waste Land, the theme of isolation from a noble past is represented by descriptions of the environment, sexual corruption, and self-mechanization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eliot opens â€Å"The Fire Sermon† with a juxtaposition of antiquity and modernity that is centered around the Thames River.   The mystical past of the river has been destroyed, and the speaker laments the current condition of his environment:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or other testimony of summer nights.   The nymphs are departed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And their friends, the loitering heirs of City directors;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Departed, have left no addresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the water of the Leman I sat down and wept (177-82) Although this section is written in the present tense, the speaker means the Thames of the past.   The Thames of the past was not polluted, and there were nymphs, giving it a mystical characteristic; however, these nymphs are departed now, and the river is nothing like it used to be.   Eliot also juxtaposes different poetic styles to further distinguish the past from the present.   Amid a group of unrhymed, rhythm-less lines, he writes, â€Å"Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song† (175... ...ing lost the sense of Good and Evil, has ceased to be alive† (46).   This â€Å"living death† is seen very clearly during and immediately after the sexual encounter of the clerk and typist.   Eliot uses desolation of environment as well to juxtapose past and present, especially when describing the â€Å"unreal city.†Ã‚   The destruction brought about by post-war modernity is rampant also in the description of the Thames River.   Finally, Eliot shows the lack of vitality of modern people through their voluntary self-mechanization.   The characters of the present in The Waste Land have no motivation to make, or live by, their own choices, and let the machine of life carry them where it may.   The result is a stark depiction of the automation, isolation, and despair that define the contemporary world. Work Cited Eliot, T. S. The Waste Land. Collected Poems Harcourt : New York, 1963.

Component of Computer System Essay

Output devices: Monitor printer, plotter and voice output device, Modem, Automotive navigation system, Projector. Peripheral device that converts machine-readable information into people-readable information. Processing devices: CPU,  Motherboard, Chipset, bus, RAM. Hardware components process information within the computer system. Storage devices: Hard disk drives and  compact disk  drives. Hardware components allow data to be stored within a computer system. Software components of a computer system have no physical presence; they are stored in digital form within computer memory. System software is an  operating system  designed to operate and control the  computer hardware  and to provide a platform for running  application software. Utility software: anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. Which helps to maintain and protect the computer system but does not directly interface with the hardware. Applications software: Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Designed to allow the user of the system complete a specific task or set of tasks. Different  types of computer software. Programming software, system software and application software are the three main types of computer software used in computer networking. Programmers use the programming software to develop the programming languages necessary to run computer software. Compliers, interpreters, linkers and text editors are some of the basic tools used in programming software. System software offers a protective shield to all software applications. It also provides support to the physical components of computers. System software †¢ Operating system software(windows, Linux, Mac) †¢ Utility programs (anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters. †¢ Library programs †¢ Translator software (Compiler, assembler, interpreter) Application software is used for commercial purpose. The application software is widely used in educational, business and medical fields. Industrial automation, databases, business software and medical software prove to be of great help in the respective fields. Web browsers, Office software, Games, Multimedia Software, Database Software, and Graphic Software. Application software †¢ General purpose application software. †¢ Special purpose application software. †¢ Bespoke application software